Material name: Operations of the Decimal System: Multiplication – Montessori Decimal System Multiplication
Area: Mathematics
Purpose & developmental benefits:
Operations of the Decimal System: Multiplication helps children practice multiplication with large numbers through hands-on work with decimal system materials such as the Golden Beads (Decimal Beads). Children multiply quantities in groups and exchange beads when they reach units, tens, hundreds, and beyond, allowing them to understand that multiplication is repeated addition. This material represents an important developmental step before transitioning to the Stamp Game and more abstract calculation.
Skills children develop:
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Perform multi-digit multiplication (with and without regrouping)
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Understand multiplication as repeated addition through concrete experience
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Develop a strong grasp of place value within the decimal system
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Strengthen logical thinking and flexible problem-solving during exchanges
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Prepare for work with the Multiplication Board and the Dot Game
Recommended age: 6–9 years old (after experience with Addition and the Change Game)
Materials & components:
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Golden/Decimal Bead set: units, tens, hundreds, thousands
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Number cards organized by place value
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May include a mat or work board for setting up the multiplication
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Montessori-standard colors and child-safe, durable materials
Use in the classroom / at home:
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Practice multiplication by grouping quantities (e.g., 3 times 123)
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Carry out bead exchanges during large-number multiplication
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Practice clear, orderly presentation of multi-step problems
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A bridge to the Multiplication Charts and written multiplication
